State and Revolution, Part 3
Origin
of Family, Property and State
Today we feature Chapter 9,
the chapter called “Barbarism and Civilisation”, of Frederick Engels’ book “The Origin of the
Family, Private Property and The State”. The Chapter is attached, and
linked below as a download.
If you find them difficult,
don’t worry too much about the first three paragraphs of this chapter.
They partly refer to previous chapters. The remainder of Chapter 9 is
self-contained.
“The Origin of the Family,
Private Property and The State” is a classic of the first rank, both within the
field of Marxism, and more widely.
Lenin relied on it, and
referred to it often for the illumination that it gives to the revolutionary
question of The State and to the necessity of the withering away of the State.
But this work of Engels’ is
also foundational in Archaeology and Paleoanthropology (i.e. the study of the
pre-history of human society), just as Engels’ “The
Condition of the Working Class in England” was foundational to the
study of the formation of cities – Urbanism (also called Urban Studies or Town
Planning). Engels, who never formally went to a university, is one of the
towering historic founders of scholarly disciplines.
Morgan and Marx
Marx had already worked on
source material for this project, including on Henry Morgan’s 1877 eyewitness book
called “Ancient Society”. Engels found Marx’s working papers after
Marx’s death in 1883 and immediately set to work to prepare a book from them
for publication.
The particular contribution
of “The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State” is that it shows
the common, interdependent origin of private property and the State, plus the
fall of the women into the oppressive condition which they still continue to
suffer, and also the institutions of money, writing and law.
The simultaneous
revolutionary break in all of these things marks the end of pre-history and the
beginning of history, which as Marx and Engels had noted in the Communist Manifesto,
was from that point onwards “a history of class struggles”.
The transition from
prehistoric communism into class society took place a long time ago in some
parts of the world, and much more recently in other parts. In Egypt and Iraq
(Mesopotamia) it may have happened more than five thousand years ago. In most
other parts of the world the transition was quite recent.
Communism, a necessity for women
The simultaneous nature of
the triple catastrophe (property, state and downfall of women) means that the
remedy for all three will likewise have to be simultaneous. The urgent
abolition or “withering away” of the State is for that reason a woman’s issue,
and the socialist project is a woman’s project, because they are all part of
the same complex of oppressions. Communism is a necessity for women.
The reversal of the downfall
of the women can only be achieved by the abolition of property and the State.
Likewise, the abolition of property and the State cannot be achieved without
the conscious restoration of women to their proper place in human society. All
three goals have to be achieved together. The three goals are actually the same
goal, and the name of it is communism.
Image:
Another way of explaining the origins of human society: Adam, Eve, and the
Apple (The Fruit of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil), by Tamara de Lempicka. The middle
image is a representation of a “money tree” from the Internet. The other image
is from the front of Thomas Hobbes’ “Leviathan”, which revealed the State in
the mid-seventeenth century.
·
The above is to
introduce the original reading-text: Origin of
Family, Property and State, Chapter 9, 1884, Engels.
