Hegel, Part 1b
Hegel and his students
Hegel’s
Introduction to the Encyclopaedia
Hegel’s “Encyclopaedia” is
the collection of his printed lectures, begun relatively early in his career
and enlarged and reorganised as time went on. This “Introduction to the
Encyclopaedia” (download linked below) is dated 1830, one year before
Hegel’s death.
The Contents of the
Encyclopaedia is grouped into Preliminary
- Logic - Nature – Spirit.
“Logic” in these Contents is
divided into Logic Defined – Being –
Essence – Notion.
There is a list of Hegel’s Works on Marxists Internet
Archive. Clearly, Hegel’s works can be organised and presented in different
ways. Let us not be in too much haste to grab at it all.
Hegel himself is
ultra-cautious. His Introduction to the Encyclopaedia begins with repeated
strictures against people taking anything for granted. Hegel does not want
people to try looking for short cuts. He does not want to be misunderstood, or
misrepresented. Unfortunately, Hegel turns out (mercifully to him, after his
death) to have become one of the most badly misrepresented philosophers in
history. We will look at some of the false “Myths and Legends” that surround
Hegel’s work like devilish sentries, in the next part of this course.
In the last passage of the
“Introduction to the Encyclopaedia”, §18,
Hegel says:
“As the whole
science, and only the whole, can exhibit what the Idea or system of reason is,
it is impossible to give in a preliminary way a general impression of a
philosophy. Nor can a division of philosophy into its parts be intelligible,
except in connection with the system. A preliminary division, like the limited
conception from which it comes, can only be an anticipation.”
In the beginning, §1, he writes:
“We can
assume nothing and assert nothing dogmatically; nor can we accept the
assertions and assumptions of others. And yet we must make a beginning: and a
beginning, as primary and underived, makes an assumption, or rather is an
assumption. It seems as if it were impossible to make a beginning at all.”
In §16, Hegel even manages to discount the entire Encyclopaedia, vast
as it is, thus:
“In the form
of an Encyclopaedia, the science has no room for a detailed exposition of
particulars, and must be limited to setting forth the commencement of the
special sciences and the notions of cardinal importance in them.”
All of this is to say: Wait.
I will show you. Don’t even anticipate. Be patient.
Of course, this is at the
very moment when he is presenting an introduction to a collection of his
lectures, which any student is bound to take as a summary of his work. Students
should and must seek out such summaries, lists of contents and short versions,
so that they can begin to conceive of the outline of the whole work, and get
some idea of what its conclusions are intended to be.
But indeed, Hegel is a good
example of one whose message is new and different and which must therefore struggle
uphill against peoples’ frequent desire to be told only what they already know,
and against their resentment at being pushed towards relinquishing their
long-held prejudices. Hegel’s weariness of a lifetime of such uphill struggles
comes through when he writes, at the end of §3:
“One consequence of this weakness is that authors,
preachers, and orators are found most intelligible, when they speak of things
which their readers or hearers already know by rote - things which the latter
are conversant with, and which require no explanation.”
In §6, Hegel discusses, from this point of view, one of his most
famous sayings, often written (in English): “All that is rational is real, and
all that is real is rational”. This is a useful first mention of this very
characteristic Hegelism from Hegel’s own pen, and set within some pages of his
prose which are not impossible to read.
Hence, this Introduction will
serve well enough as our first taste of Hegel’s own writing.
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Image: Hegel
and his students
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The above is to
introduce the original reading-text: Introduction to the
Encyclopaedia, Hegel, 1830.
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A PDF file of the reading text is attached
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To download any of the CU courses in PDF files please click here.
